The implantation of brain electrodes is an option of treatment of those patients with Parkinson’s disease, tremors and other movement disorders that do not respond adequately to pharmacological treatment.
The technique is called deep brain stimulation.
After connecting these electrodes to a generator implanted in the subcutaneous tissue, the alteration in the activity of different neural circuits related to these disorders can be corrected.
The electrode implantation is usually performed with stereotactic surgery. It is a technique that allows the electrodes to be implanted with a pinpoint accuracy. The use of three-dimensional planning systems and tractography (see picture) allows a high accuracy in the implantation and, in addition, reduces the risk of complications.
The use of directional electrodes allows to direct and fractionate the current flow in order to minimize any possible side effects.
The target area in Parkinson’s disease is usually the subthalamic nucleus. The globus pallidus internus may also be used in selected patients. This nucleus it is the most frequent target used in patients with dystonia. The implantation of the electrodes in the thalamus (Vim nucleus) is used in patients with tremors.
It is an effective and safe technique with a very low risk of complications and side effects.
Treatments:
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and chronic pain
Microrecording of neuronal activity for DBS procedures